When we talk about games, we generally associate them with fun, Serious Games however, have an objective other than pure entertainment. They’re a useful option to help organisations convey messages in more meaningful and interesting ways; can be an alternative aid for teachers to educate their pupils and have even enabled governments to make learning about policies more engaging. In this article, we will touch on the definition of Serious Games, discuss their breadth of use and why they work.
The definition of Serious Games
The definition of “Serious Games” has shifted over time, however the earliest version that still rings true was stated by Clark C. Abt, in the 1970 paper entitled “Serious Games”.
“We are concerned with serious games in the sense that these games have an explicit and carefully thought out purpose and are not intended to be played primarily for amusement”.
This definition frustrates some within the industry as “games” are inherently also meant to be fun. To simplify matters we will continue with the definition that Serious Games are in fact games that have either been developed or re-purposed with an objective other than pure entertainment in mind.
There have been many different uses for Serious Games over recent years, such as personal development, health, research, social science and of course, for corporate purposes. As an indication of Serious Games relevance and growing use, you may have recently read that the UK and the US will carry out a “cyber war game” to test the resilience of the financial sector in the City of London and on Wall Street.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Serious Games work because they appeal to three intrinsic motivational human needs (as discussed previously in our Gamification blog post) identified in self-determination theory.
- Relatedness: the feeling of being connected to others
Serious Games are often social in nature, allowing users to connect to others. High score charts allow individual games to reference other players and create a feeling of connectedness. Furthermore, according to a study titled “Teens Video Games and Civics” carried out by the Pew Research Centre, 97% of all US teenagers play some sort of digitised game; enabling Serious Games to be highly relatable to a huge portion of the US population.
- Autonomy: feeling in control of our own actions
As players are central focus points within games, the feeling of autonomy is met. Players are actively learning and manipulating outcomes within the game, learning as they play, and are in control.
- Competence: feeling efficient and confident when playing the game
If you make a mistake, you will not die (pilot training), you will not lose your case (lawyer role-playing) and you will not feel dumb. This is the beauty of games. They are separate from reality and this separation provides a confidence for players to make mistakes whilst learning and not being afraid of the consequences. The more a game is played, mistakes get made less frequently and a player’s efficiency begins to grow.
WHY ARE SERIOUS GAMES USEFUL?
Serious Games can create positive user experiences and potentially:
- Enable social good; aiding a greater cause
- Make a dull subject entertaining
- Improve knowledge retention
- Be a powerful way of introducing new concepts
- Encourage learners to be active in the learning process
- Go beyond content to enable problem-solving
- Enable real-time data and analysis
WHERE ARE SERIOUS GAMES USED?
In 2002, Ben Sawyer created a Taxonomy of Serious Games, this still rings true today, as his table demonstrates, Serious Games are used right from government through to corporations.
There is also a worldwide Serious Game Classification website which allows users to set an age range, a purpose and a market in order to search for a serious game for their particular subject, topic and learning objective.
LET’S LOOK AT SOME GAMES…
As mentioned above, the benefits of Serious Games are vast and are becoming used increasingly across industries and for varying purposes. Below are three Serious Games which all function differently and with different purposes: curing cancer, Flood Policy and teaching math.
Play to Cure: Genes in Space
This game helps scientists identify faults (potentially cancer-causing) in real gene data at an unprecedented rate. What would usually take hours of analysis can now take minutes as gamers collect spacedust, blast away asteroids and upgrade their spaceships. The more people that play, the quicker the results come piling in.
PlayGen: FloodSim
FloodSim is a strategic educational game that covers different aspects of Flood Policy within the UK. This game helps users understand the key issues that Policy Makers grapple with and also enables the government and insurers to gauge public attitude to different types of Flood protection.
Minecraft for Education
The popular game that has taken the world by storm, Minecraft, is now being re-purposed with an educational approach.
WHAT NEXT?
As with anything else, conveying the right message, adhering to user needs and ensuring a positive experience is critical. Game design and UX design overlap and combine to create truly satisfying experiences, giving games (and Serious Games) their best chance of success and uptake.
A good follow up with more information is Jane McGonical’s TED talk “Gaming can make a better world?”
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